12,084 rated or chosen profiles from 4,028 respondents, in up to 3 tasks of 1 profile varying on 6 attributes.
| Description | German voters of the five 2005-2013 Bundestag parties (Bilendi online panel, December 2023-January 2024; 4,028 respondents) rated three hypothetical members of parliament, one at a time, varying gender, marital status, party, terms served, mandate type and disclosed outside activity and income. Outcomes: four 1-7 agreement ratings (represents voters' interests, competent, represents own or third-party interests, hardworking). |
|---|---|
| Reference | Neisser, C., & Wehrhöfer, N. (2026). Outside income as a signal: Evidence from politicians and voters. The Review of Economics and Statistics. |
| DOI | 10.1162/rest.a.1834 |
| Licence | CC0 1.0 |
| Source data | https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5BPEXH |
These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.
| Respondents | 4,028 |
|---|---|
| Rows (one per respondent, task and profile) | 12,084 |
| Tasks per respondent (most) | 3 |
| Profiles per task | 1 |
| Attributes | 6 |
| Topic | candidate choice |
|---|---|
| A profile represents | person |
| Country | DE |
| Language shown | de |
| Language of stored levels | de |
| Randomization restrictions | unknown |
| Task order | recorded in the deposit |
| Profile position | recorded in the deposit |
Outcomes:
| rating_competent | Es handelt sich um einen fachlich kompetenten Abgeordneten. (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (stimme gar nicht zu) to 7 (stimme voll und ganz zu)] |
|---|---|
| rating_hardworking | Es handelt sich um einen hart arbeitenden Abgeordneten. [rating, 1 (stimme gar nicht zu) to 7 (stimme voll und ganz zu)] |
| rating_own_interest | Es handelt sich um einen Abgeordneten, der primär die eigenen [Interessen oder die Dritter vertritt] (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (stimme gar nicht zu) to 7 (stimme voll und ganz zu)] |
| rating_voter_interest | Es handelt sich um einen Abgeordneten, der primär die Interessen der Wähler [vertritt] (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (stimme gar nicht zu) to 7 (stimme voll und ganz zu)] |
attr_genderattr_mandateattr_marital_statusattr_outside_activityattr_partyattr_termscov_age_groupcov_attention_passcov_gendercov_informed_bundestag_sitecov_informed_friendscov_informed_mediacov_informed_nocov_informed_no_answercov_informed_social_mediacov_party_preferencecov_survey_weightcov_westidprofilerating_competentrating_hardworkingrating_own_interestrating_voter_interesttask
The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("neisser_2026_mp_outside_income", source = "conj")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("neisser_2026_mp_outside_income", source="conj")
@article{Neisser_2026, title={Outside Income as a Signal: Evidence from Politicians and Voters}, ISSN={1530-9142}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest.a.1834}, DOI={10.1162/rest.a.1834}, journal={Review of Economics and Statistics}, publisher={MIT Press}, author={Neisser, Carina and Wehrhöfer, Nils}, year={2026}, month=July, pages={1–45} }
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | irw_conjoint v4.2 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/qkye-q530 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v4.2 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |