20,428 rated or chosen profiles from 10,698 respondents, in up to 2 tasks of 1 profile varying on 3 attributes.

About this table

Description	10,698 respondents in seven EU countries (July 2022) each evaluated two vignette scenarios varying Russian escalation, the US security commitment and the EU defence-capacity response (4x2x4), rating each on an 11-point scale (0-10).
Reference	Moise, A. D., Truchlewski, Z., & Oana, I.-E. (2025). Tilly versus Milward: Experimental evidence of public preferences for European defense amidst the Russian threat. Political Behavior, 47(3), 1015-1066.
DOI	10.1007/s11109-024-09979-x
Licence	CC0 1.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/quvpd7

Notes

Conjoint table (irw_conjoint_2). Factorial vignettes (7 EU countries, 2022): each respondent evaluated 2 scenarios varying Russian actions (4), the US response (2) and the EU defence-capacity response (4); rating = evaluation of the scenario, 0-10 (11-point scale; question wording and anchors not verbatim, higher read as more approval). Attribute level text taken from the article (Table 1); the deposit stores short tags. Task order inferred from file order; 4,314 unrated rows dropped; countries pooled (cov_country).

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Size and shape

Respondents	10,698
Rows (one per respondent, task and profile)	20,428
Tasks per respondent (most)	2
Profiles per task	1
Attributes	3

Design

Topic	foreign policy security
A profile represents	scenario
Country	DE, FR, IT, PT, PL, HU, FI
Language shown	unknown
Language of stored levels	en
Task order	inferred from row order
Profile position	inferred from row order

Task order or profile position was rebuilt from row order; analyses of position or task order should leave it out.

Outcomes:

rating	Evaluation of the scenario on an 11-point scale (0-10) (paraphrase; verbatim wording not in the text read) [rating, 0 (unknown) to 10 (unknown)]

Columns

attr_policy_responseattr_russian_actionsattr_us_actioncov_countrycov_eu_identitycov_ideologyidprofileratingtask

The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("moise_2025_eu_defence", source = "conj")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("moise_2025_eu_defence", source="conj")

How to cite

@article{Moise_2024, title={Tilly versus Milward: Experimental Evidence of Public Preferences for European Defense Amidst the Russian Threat}, volume={47}, ISSN={1573-6687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-024-09979-x}, DOI={10.1007/s11109-024-09979-x}, number={3}, journal={Political Behavior}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Moise, Alexandru D. and Truchlewski, Zbigniew and Oana, Ioana-Elena}, year={2024}, month=Nov, pages={1015–1066} }

Version and provenance

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	irw_conjoint_2 v1.4
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/hk97-wv30
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v1.4
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0