563,520 responses from 6,000 respondents to 3 items.
| Description | Norms for 6,000 Spanish letter strings (4,800 pseudowords and 1,200 words): each stimulus (id) rated by Spanish-speaking adults (rater) on valence (1-9), arousal (1-9) and wordlikeness (1-7); the dimension is the item. 25-47 ratings per stimulus per dimension; 1,210 raters. cov_stimulus is the string, cov_stimulus_type the construction (a word; b root + suffix; c root + pseudo-suffix; d pseudo-root + suffix; e pseudo-root + pseudo-suffix), cov_set ties a word to its four pseudowords. |
|---|---|
| Reference | Martínez-Tomás, C., Guasch, M., Ferré, P., Lázaro, M., & Hinojosa, J. A. (2026). When the meaningless make sense: Wordlikeness and affective norms for 4,800 pseudowords and 1,200 Spanish words. Behavior Research Methods, 58(4), 103. |
| DOI | 10.3758/s13428-026-02976-4 |
| Licence | CC0 1.0 |
| Source data | https://osf.io/baues/ |
These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.
| Responses | 563,520 |
|---|---|
| Respondents | 6,000 |
| Items | 3 |
| Response categories | 9 |
| Responses per respondent | 93.920 |
| Responses per item | 187,840 |
| Density | 31.307 |
| Longitudinal | FALSE |
| age range | Not applicable (non-person) |
|---|---|
| sample | Non-person unit |
| construct type | Affective/mental health, Cognitive/educational |
| measurement tool | Survey/questionnaire |
| item format | Likert Scale/selected response |
| primary language(s) | spa |
| construct name | Valence, arousal and wordlikeness of Spanish words and pseudowords |
This codebook is reconstructed by the IRW from the IRW data standard and the script that built it, martineztomas_2026_pseudowords.py. It is our best reading, not the source’s own codebook, and it may contain mistakes. Where the two disagree, the source data are the authority. If you find an error, please tell us.
| Column | What it is | Source column |
|---|---|---|
| IRW standard columns | ||
id | IRW standard Identifier for the focal unit being measured — typically a person, but sometimes another entity (e.g., a word in a lexical task). | made in the build script |
item | IRW standard Item identifier. | made in the build script |
rater | IRW standard Observer identifier in scenarios where items are rated by an external observer rather than self-reported. | made in the build script |
resp | IRW standard Response value. | made in the build script |
| Respondent covariates | ||
cov_list | Covariate | made in the build script |
cov_set | Covariate | made in the build script |
cov_stimulus | Covariate | made in the build script |
cov_stimulus_type | Covariate | made in the build script |
What item codes and covariate values stand for is in the source’s README, README.txt.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("martineztomas_2026_pseudowords")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("martineztomas_2026_pseudowords")
@article{Mart_nez_Tom_s_2026, title={When the meaningless make sense: Wordlikeness and affective norms for 4,800 pseudowords and 1,200 Spanish words}, volume={58}, ISSN={1554-3528}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-026-02976-4}, DOI={10.3758/s13428-026-02976-4}, number={4}, journal={Behavior Research Methods}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Martínez-Tomás, Celia and Guasch, Marc and Ferré, Pilar and Lázaro, Miguel and Hinojosa, José Antonio}, year={2026}, month=Apr }
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | item_response_warehouse_6 v5.11 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/qahq-j855 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v5.11 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |