15,806 rated or chosen profiles from 7,903 respondents, in up to 1 tasks of 2 profiles varying on 6 attributes.

About this table

Description	Paired candidate-vignette conjoint on ethnic-minority candidates in Britain: 7,903 British Election Study Internet Panel (wave 11, April-May 2017) respondents chose between two hypothetical local candidates varying party, ethnic background (white British/Pakistani/black Caribbean), gender, immigration stance, law-enforcement priority and route into politics; half were randomly offered a 'neither' option.
Reference	Martin, N. S., & Blinder, S. (2021). Biases at the ballot box: How multiple forms of voter discrimination impede the descriptive and substantive representation of ethnic minority groups. Political Behavior, 43(4), 1487-1510.
DOI	10.1007/s11109-020-09596-4
Licence	CC0 1.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/SUDLEG

Notes

Conjoint table (irw_conjoint). One task of two candidate vignettes per respondent; choice = 'Which of these candidates would you rather have as your MP?'. The answer options were randomized: trial_neither_offered = 1 when a 'neither' option was shown (opt-out; 1,603 of 3,960 chose neither, both profiles 0), 0 for a forced choice. Level text from the article's vignette template mapped to the authors' value labels; candidate names not stored. Pairs and profile order inferred from row order. N = 7,903 as in the article.

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Size and shape

Respondents	7,903
Rows (one per respondent, task and profile)	15,806
Tasks per respondent (most)	1
Profiles per task	2
Attributes	6
Tasks with no profile chosen	1,603

Design

Topic	candidate choice
A profile represents	person
Country	GB
Language shown	en
Language of stored levels	en
Randomization restrictions	unknown
Task order	inferred from row order
Profile position	inferred from row order

Task order or profile position was rebuilt from row order; analyses of position or task order should leave it out.

Outcomes:

choice	Which of these candidates would you rather have as your MP? [choice, opt-out allowed]

Columns

attr_ethnicityattr_genderattr_immigrationattr_law_enforcementattr_partyattr_routechoicecov_ethnicitycov_ft_asiancov_ft_blackcov_immig_enriches_culturecov_religioncov_religion_denominationcov_vote_intentionidprofiletasktrial_neither_offered

The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("martin_2021_minority_candidates", source = "conj")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("martin_2021_minority_candidates", source="conj")

How to cite

@article{Martin_2020, title={Biases at the Ballot Box: How Multiple Forms of Voter Discrimination Impede the Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Ethnic Minority Groups}, volume={43}, ISSN={1573-6687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-020-09596-4}, DOI={10.1007/s11109-020-09596-4}, number={4}, journal={Political Behavior}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Martin, Nicole S. and Blinder, Scott}, year={2020}, month=Feb, pages={1487–1510} }

Version and provenance

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	irw_conjoint v4.2
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/qkye-q530
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v4.2
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0