34,992 rated or chosen profiles from 4,374 respondents, in up to 4 tasks of 2 profiles varying on 3 attributes.

About this table

Description	German adults from a Bilendi online panel (December 2022, n=4,374) compared 4 pairs of plans for border measures at Germany's borders, varying measure, neighbouring country and justification. Outcomes: choice of the plan they would more likely support, and a 0-10 rating of each plan.
Reference	Lipps, J., Sczepanski, R., & Malet, G. (2025). Understanding preferences over borders. International Studies Quarterly, 69(1), sqaf003.
DOI	10.1093/isq/sqaf003
Licence	CC0 1.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/H6KD6R

Notes

Conjoint table (irw_conjoint). choice: forced choice of the border plan the respondent would more likely support (wording paraphrased in the article), no opt-out; rating: each plan on an 11-point (0-10) scale, wording and anchors not given. Profile position was not deposited, so profile numbers are arbitrary. Level text is the article's English description of the German levels. No randomization restrictions stated. Respondent distance-to-border variables dropped (identifying).

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Size and shape

Respondents	4,374
Rows (one per respondent, task and profile)	34,992
Tasks per respondent (most)	4
Profiles per task	2
Attributes	3
Tasks with no profile chosen	0

Design

Topic	immigration asylum
A profile represents	policy
Country	DE
Language shown	de
Language of stored levels	en
Task order	recorded in the deposit
Profile position	unknown

Outcomes:

choice	Which of the two plans are you more likely to support? (paraphrase) [choice, forced]
rating	Rating of each plan on an 11-point scale (paraphrase) [rating, 0 (unknown) to 10 (unknown)]

Columns

attr_aimattr_countryattr_measurechoicecov_border_open_closecov_european_integrationcov_gendercov_immigration_generalcov_left_rightcov_migration_backgroundcov_statecov_urban_ruralcov_vote_intentionidprofileratingtask

The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("lipps_2025_border_measures", source = "conj")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("lipps_2025_border_measures", source="conj")

How to cite

@article{Lipps_2024, title={Understanding Preferences over Borders}, volume={69}, ISSN={1468-2478}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf003}, DOI={10.1093/isq/sqaf003}, number={1}, journal={International Studies Quarterly}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Lipps, Jana and Sczepanski, Ronja and Malet, Giorgio}, year={2024}, month=Dec }

Version and provenance

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	irw_conjoint v4.2
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/qkye-q530
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v4.2
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0