4,420 responses from 442 respondents to 10 items.
One of 5 tables from the same source; this one measures Empathy toward athletes. The others are listed under Related tables.
| Description | Empathy toward athletes, 10 items Q48-Q57, 1-7; N = 442 adult social-media users; 12 demographic/usage covariates (cov_gender, cov_age_group, cov_education, cov_employment, cov_social_media_hours, ...). |
|---|---|
| Reference | Li (2026). Compensatory Online Aggressive Behavior Is Associated With Psychological Distress Through Emotional Venting and Negative Affect Duration, Moderated by Empathy. Mendeley Data, V1. https://doi.org/10.17632/sjyrmwbcbx |
| Licence | CC BY 4.0 |
| Source data | https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/sjyrmwbcbx |
| Responses | 4,420 |
|---|---|
| Respondents | 442 |
| Items | 10 |
| Response categories | 7 |
| Responses per respondent | 10 |
| Responses per item | 442 |
| Density | 1 |
| Longitudinal | FALSE |
| age range | Adult (18+) |
|---|---|
| sample | General/non-specific |
| measurement tool | Survey/questionnaire |
| item format | Likert Scale/selected response |
| construct name | Empathy toward athletes |
This table has item text in the IRW: the wording administered to respondents, not just the response codes.
| Instrument | Empathy toward athletes (EP) |
|---|---|
| Mean words per item | 13.100 |
| Mean characters per item | 80.700 |
| Mean characters per response | 5.857 |
| Flesch-Kincaid grade level | 9.336 |
This codebook is reconstructed by the IRW from the IRW data standard. It is our best reading, not the source’s own codebook, and it may contain mistakes. Where the two disagree, the source data are the authority. If you find an error, please tell us.
| Column | What it is | Source column |
|---|---|---|
| IRW standard columns | ||
id | IRW standard Identifier for the focal unit being measured — typically a person, but sometimes another entity (e.g., a word in a lexical task). | not traced |
item | IRW standard Item identifier. | not traced |
resp | IRW standard Response value. | not traced |
| Respondent covariates | ||
cov_age_group | Covariate | not traced |
cov_aggressive_posting | Covariate | not traced |
cov_comment_engagement | Covariate | not traced |
cov_comment_target | Covariate | not traced |
cov_education | Covariate | not traced |
cov_employment | Covariate | not traced |
cov_extraversion | Covariate | not traced |
cov_gender | Covariate | not traced |
cov_negative_treatment | Covariate | not traced |
cov_social_media_hours | Covariate | not traced |
cov_sports_participation | Covariate | not traced |
cov_video_frequency | Covariate | not traced |
What item codes and covariate values stand for is in the source’s codebook, file_downloaded.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("li_2026_empathy")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("li_2026_empathy")
@misc{https://doi.org/10.17632/sjyrmwbcbx,
doi = {10.17632/SJYRMWBCBX},
url = {https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/sjyrmwbcbx},
author = {LI, MINGYUAN},
keywords = {Sports Psychology Methodological Issues},
title = {Compensatory Online Aggressive Behavior Is Associated With Psychological Distress Through Emotional Venting and Negative Affect Duration, Moderated by Empathy},
publisher = {Mendeley Data},
year = {2026}
}
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | item_response_warehouse_5 v8.5 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/41xy-5k56 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v8.5 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |