22,344 rated or chosen profiles from 3,192 respondents, in up to 7 tasks of 1 profile varying on 4 attributes.
| Description | Adults in Germany and Poland (n = 3,192) read seven short vignettes about a hypothetical EU fuel tax (cost increase of 10/50/100%, sector cars/aviation/heating, backed by the European Commission, the German or the Polish government) and rated their support on a 1-6 scale. |
|---|---|
| Reference | Levis, A., Smith, E. K., & Pianta, S. (2026). Attitudes towards carbon taxation in the EU: Messenger effects vs. content effects. Journal of Public Policy. |
| DOI | 10.1017/S0143814X26101226 |
| Licence | CC0 1.0 |
| Source data | https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FFTR4S |
These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.
| Respondents | 3,192 |
|---|---|
| Rows (one per respondent, task and profile) | 22,344 |
| Tasks per respondent (most) | 7 |
| Profiles per task | 1 |
| Attributes | 4 |
| Topic | climate energy environment |
|---|---|
| A profile represents | policy |
| Country | DE, PL |
| Language shown | de, pl |
| Language of stored levels | en |
| Randomization restrictions | unknown |
| Task order | recorded in the deposit |
| Profile position | inferred from row order |
Task order or profile position was rebuilt from row order; analyses of position or task order should leave it out.
Outcomes:
| rating | Support for the described EU fuel tax policy, 1-6 (paraphrase: question text and answer labels are not in the deposit; the Rmd counts >= 4 as support) [rating, 1 (unknown) to 6 (unknown)] |
|---|
attr_costattr_messengerattr_policyattr_wordingcov_age_groupcov_countrycov_educationcov_gendercov_survey_weightidprofileratingtasktrial_repeat_of
The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("levis_2026_carbon_messenger", source = "conj")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("levis_2026_carbon_messenger", source="conj")
@article{Levis_2026, title={Attitudes towards carbon taxation in the EU: messenger effects vs. content effects}, ISSN={1469-7815}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X26101226}, DOI={10.1017/s0143814x26101226}, journal={Journal of Public Policy}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Levis, Alessio and Smith, E. Keith and Pianta, Silvia}, year={2026}, month=Aug, pages={1–24} }
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | irw_conjoint_2 v1.4 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/hk97-wv30 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v1.4 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |