3,914 rated or chosen profiles from 3,914 respondents, in up to 1 tasks of 1 profile varying on 2 attributes.
| Description | Australian adults (n = 3,914) saw one photographed prospective candidate, randomly drawn from eight cells (Chinese-Australian, Indigenous dark-skinned, Indigenous light-skinned or White, each man or woman), and rated eight personality traits and attractiveness. |
|---|---|
| Reference | Holloway, J., McDonnell, D., & Evans, M. (2025). The inverted hierarchy: How public bias can favor potential Indigenous candidates. Perspectives on Politics. |
| DOI | 10.1017/S1537592725102107 |
| Licence | CC0 1.0 |
| Source data | https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ATSAKJ |
These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.
| Respondents | 3,914 |
|---|---|
| Rows (one per respondent, task and profile) | 3,914 |
| Tasks per respondent (most) | 1 |
| Profiles per task | 1 |
| Attributes | 2 |
| Topic | candidate choice |
|---|---|
| A profile represents | person |
| Country | AU |
| Language shown | en |
| Language of stored levels | en |
| Task order | inferred from row order |
| Profile position | inferred from row order |
Task order or profile position was rebuilt from row order; analyses of position or task order should leave it out.
Outcomes:
| rating_approachable | Q13 candidate trait perceptions: agreement that the candidate is approachable (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)] |
|---|---|
| rating_attractive | Q25 attractiveness of the candidate (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Extremely unattractive) to 9 (Extremely attractive)] |
| rating_compassionate | Q13 candidate trait perceptions: agreement that the candidate is compassionate (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)] |
| rating_competent | Q13 candidate trait perceptions: agreement that the candidate is competent (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)] |
| rating_experienced | Q13 candidate trait perceptions: agreement that the candidate is experienced (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)] |
| rating_hardworking | Q13 candidate trait perceptions: agreement that the candidate is hardworking (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)] |
| rating_intelligent | Q13 candidate trait perceptions: agreement that the candidate is intelligent (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)] |
| rating_likeable | Q13 candidate trait perceptions: agreement that the candidate is likeable (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)] |
| rating_trustworthy | Q13 candidate trait perceptions: agreement that the candidate is trustworthy (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)] |
attr_ethnicityattr_gendercov_agecov_educationcov_gendercov_party_ididprofilerating_approachablerating_attractiverating_compassionaterating_competentrating_experiencedrating_hardworkingrating_intelligentrating_likeablerating_trustworthytasktrial_scale_order
The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("holloway_2025_indigenous_candidates", source = "conj")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("holloway_2025_indigenous_candidates", source="conj")
@article{Holloway_2025, title={The Inverted Hierarchy: How Public Bias Can Favor Potential Indigenous Candidates}, volume={24}, ISSN={1541-0986}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1537592725102107}, DOI={10.1017/s1537592725102107}, number={2}, journal={Perspectives on Politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Holloway, Josh and McDonnell, Duncan and Evans, Michelle}, year={2025}, month=Oct, pages={616–635} }
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | irw_conjoint_2 v1.4 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/hk97-wv30 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v1.4 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |