18,000 rated or chosen profiles from 3,000 respondents, in up to 3 tasks of 2 profiles varying on 10 attributes.
| Description | Adults in Kazakhstan (interviewer-administered, Jan-Feb 2021, n=3,000) compared two hypothetical immigrants on 10 attributes (education, gender, ethnicity, language, reason, profession, experience, religion, intended stay, legal status); 3 pairs each, forced choice plus two 1-7 ratings of each immigrant. |
|---|---|
| Reference | Higashijima, M., Igarashi, A., & Woo, Y. (2026). Do Muslim citizens welcome fundamentalist Muslim immigrants? Evidence from a conjoint experiment in Kazakhstan. Political Behavior. |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11109-026-10177-0 |
| Licence | CC0 1.0 |
| Source data | https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GJFYGX |
These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.
| Respondents | 3,000 |
|---|---|
| Rows (one per respondent, task and profile) | 18,000 |
| Tasks per respondent (most) | 3 |
| Profiles per task | 2 |
| Attributes | 10 |
| Tasks with no profile chosen | 0 |
| Topic | immigration asylum |
|---|---|
| A profile represents | person |
| Country | KZ |
| Language shown | ru, kk |
| Language of stored levels | en |
| Randomization restrictions | yes (stated by the source): computer programmer, doctor, financial analyst, research scientist only with university or postgraduate education; Russian ethnicity only with 'Kazakh and Russian', 'Russian and broken Kazakh', 'Russian and no Kazakh'. Level shares unequal as a result (Russian 762 profiles vs ~2,150 per other ethnicity; high-skill professions ~570 vs ~1,970; university/postgraduate 1.5x other education levels), consistent with uniform draws under the two constraints; no probabilities documented |
| Task order | recorded in the deposit |
| Profile position | recorded in the deposit |
Because the attribute levels were not randomized independently, an estimator has to account for the restriction; a plain difference in means across levels can mislead.
Outcomes:
| choice | If you had to choose between the two, which person would you prefer to have as your neighbor? [choice, forced] |
|---|---|
| rating | willingness to accept each immigrant, seven-point agree-disagree scale (paraphrase) [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree)] |
| rating_sim | unknown [rating, 1 (Extremely different) to 7 (Extremely similar)] |
attr_educationattr_ethnicityattr_experienceattr_genderattr_languageattr_legal_statusattr_professionattr_reasonattr_religionattr_staychoicecov_agecov_ethnicitycov_gendercov_interview_languagecov_regioncov_religionidprofileratingrating_simtask
The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("higashijima_2026_muslim_immigrants", source = "conj")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("higashijima_2026_muslim_immigrants", source="conj")
@article{Higashijima_2026, title={Do Muslim Citizens Welcome Fundamentalist Muslim Immigrants? Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment in Kazakhstan}, ISSN={1573-6687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-026-10177-0}, DOI={10.1007/s11109-026-10177-0}, journal={Political Behavior}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Higashijima, Masaaki and Igarashi, Akira and Woo, Yujin}, year={2026}, month=June }
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | irw_conjoint v4.2 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/qkye-q530 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v4.2 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |