2,200 responses from 200 respondents to 11 items.
One of 2 tables from the same source; this one measures Mental toughness. The others are listed under Related tables.
| Description | Spanish Mental Toughness Scale (11 items) completed by 200 Chilean university athletes. |
|---|---|
| Reference | Guzmán-Muzante, J. P., Serrano, C., Riquelme Ortíz, G. A., Fonseca, A. M., Kinney, I. S., Abregú Chesta, W. A., Romero Carrasco, A. E., Severino-González, P., & Cáceres, C. (2026). Psychometric validation of the Mental Toughness Scale (MTS) in Chilean university athletes. BMC Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-05372-x |
| DOI | 10.1186/s40359-026-05372-x |
| Licence | CC0 1.0 |
| Source data | https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZGEDDT |
| Responses | 2,200 |
|---|---|
| Respondents | 200 |
| Items | 11 |
| Response categories | 5 |
| Responses per respondent | 11 |
| Responses per item | 200 |
| Density | 1 |
| Longitudinal | FALSE |
| age range | Mixed |
|---|---|
| sample | Educational |
| construct type | Personality |
| measurement tool | Survey/questionnaire |
| item format | Likert Scale/selected response |
| primary language(s) | spa |
| construct name | Mental toughness |
This codebook is reconstructed by the IRW from the IRW data standard and the script that built it, guzmanmuzante_2025_mts.py. It is our best reading, not the source’s own codebook, and it may contain mistakes. Where the two disagree, the source data are the authority. If you find an error, please tell us.
| Column | What it is | Source column |
|---|---|---|
| IRW standard columns | ||
id | IRW standard Identifier for the focal unit being measured — typically a person, but sometimes another entity (e.g., a word in a lexical task). | made in the build script |
item | IRW standard Item identifier. | made in the build script |
resp | IRW standard Response value. | made in the build script |
| Respondent covariates | ||
cov_age | Covariate | Edad |
cov_city | Covariate | Ciudad |
cov_education | Covariate 1 = Primario Incompleto · 2 = Secundario Incompleto · 3 = Terciario/Universitario Incompleto · 4 = Primario Completo · 5 = Secundario Completo · 6 = Terciario/Universitario Completo | Educación |
cov_sex | Covariate 1 = Mujeres · 2 = Hombres | SEXO |
cov_sport | Covariate 10 labelled values1 = Atletismo · 2 = Básquetbol · 4 = Fútbol · 6 = Gimnasia Rítmica · 8 = Handball · 11 = Natación · 12 = Rugby · 14 = Tenis · 15 = Tenis de Mesa · 16 = Voleibol | Deporte |
cov_university | Covariate | Universidad |
cov_years_practice | Covariate | Añospractica |
Covariate value labels are the source’s own, as the IRW recorded them. What item codes and any unlabelled values stand for is in the codebook released with the source data.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("guzmanmuzante_2025_mts")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("guzmanmuzante_2025_mts")
@article{Guzm_n_Muzante_2026, title={Psychometric validation of the Mental Toughness Scale (MTS) in Chilean university athletes}, ISSN={2050-7283}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-05372-x}, DOI={10.1186/s40359-026-05372-x}, journal={BMC Psychology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Guzmán-Muzante, Juan Pablo and Serrano, Carlos and Ortíz, Gonzalo A. Riquelme and Fonseca, Antonio Manuel and Kinney, Ian Scott and Abregú Chesta, Walter A. and Romero Carrasco, Alicia E. and Severino-González, Pedro and Cáceres, Cristian}, year={2026}, month=Aug }
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | item_response_warehouse_6 v5.11 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/qahq-j855 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v5.11 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |