38,826 rated or chosen profiles from 1,680 respondents, in up to 13 tasks of 2 profiles varying on 9 attributes.
| Description | US Lucid respondents (n = 1,680, survey-weighted) chose between two hypothetical candidates in up to 13 scenarios, varying party, age, gender, race, profession, experience, an economic and a social policy position, and a generic, undemocratic or scandal-related record; they also said whether they would vote. |
|---|---|
| Reference | Graham, M. H., & Svolik, M. W. (2020). Democracy in America? Partisanship, polarization, and the robustness of support for democracy in the United States. American Political Science Review, 114(2), 392-409. |
| DOI | 10.1017/S0003055420000052 |
| Licence | CC BY 4.0 |
| Source data | https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EEARKA |
These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.
| Respondents | 1,680 |
|---|---|
| Rows (one per respondent, task and profile) | 38,826 |
| Tasks per respondent (most) | 13 |
| Profiles per task | 2 |
| Attributes | 9 |
| Tasks with no profile chosen | 0 |
| Topic | candidate choice |
|---|---|
| A profile represents | person |
| Country | US |
| Language shown | en |
| Language of stored levels | en |
| Randomization restrictions | yes (stated by the source): fixed scenario set per respondent (party pairings DvR 4, RvD 4, DvD 3, RvR 3; both candidates in the same policy areas; 4 generic-generic and 9 generic-undemocratic/valence scenarios, each undemocratic act once); experience = age minus 20-30; race p = .65/.15/.15/.05 (White/Black/Hispanic/Asian), profession p = .15-.20/.10/.05, 20 men and 12 women per respondent; policy positions p = .25 within area |
| Task order | inferred from row order |
| Profile position | recorded in the deposit |
Because the attribute levels were not randomized independently, an estimator has to account for the restriction; a plain difference in means across levels can mislead. Task order or profile position was rebuilt from row order; analyses of position or task order should leave it out.
Outcomes:
| choice | Which candidate do you prefer? [choice, forced] |
|---|---|
| rating_turnout | Would you vote in this election? [rating, 0 (No) to 1 (Yes)] |
attr_ageattr_democracyattr_economic_policyattr_genderattr_partyattr_professionattr_raceattr_social_policyattr_years_experiencechoicecov_agecov_auth_behavecov_auth_mannerscov_auth_obeycov_auth_respectcov_educ6cov_gendercov_hhicov_hispaniccov_ideocov_knowl_housecov_knowl_merkelcov_knowl_putincov_knowl_robertscov_knowl_ryancov_knowl_senate_partycov_knowl_senate_termcov_knowl_spendcov_party_id7cov_racecov_rate_E1cov_rate_E2cov_rate_E3cov_rate_E4cov_rate_I1cov_rate_I2cov_rate_I3cov_rate_I4cov_rate_M1cov_rate_M2cov_rate_M3cov_rate_M4cov_rate_T1cov_rate_T2cov_rate_T3cov_rate_T4cov_statecov_survey_weightcov_trumpcov_votedutyidprofilerating_turnouttasktrial_tax_status
The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("graham_2020_undemocratic_candidates", source = "conj")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("graham_2020_undemocratic_candidates", source="conj")
@article{GRAHAM_2020, title={Democracy in America? Partisanship, Polarization, and the Robustness of Support for Democracy in the United States}, volume={114}, ISSN={1537-5943}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000052}, DOI={10.1017/s0003055420000052}, number={2}, journal={American Political Science Review}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={GRAHAM, MATTHEW H. and SVOLIK, MILAN W.}, year={2020}, month=Apr, pages={392–409} }
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | irw_conjoint v4.2 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/qkye-q530 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v4.2 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |