177,219 rated or chosen profiles from 22,180 respondents, in up to 8 tasks of 1 profile varying on 6 attributes.
| Description | Online respondents in 16 countries (CANDOUR II, 2022) saw single government-leader profiles describing pandemic-era GDP and job growth, vaccine supplies, lockdown length, COVID deaths and vaccination rate, and said whether the leader should be re-elected and rated support 1-7; 22,180 respondents, 8 profiles each. |
|---|---|
| Reference | Duch, R., Loewen, P., Robinson, T., & Zakharov, A. (2025). Governing in the face of a global crisis: When do voters punish and reward incumbent governments? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(4), e2405021122. |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2405021122 |
| Licence | CC0 1.0 |
| Source data | https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HF8YDZ |
These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.
| Respondents | 22,180 |
|---|---|
| Rows (one per respondent, task and profile) | 177,219 |
| Tasks per respondent (most) | 8 |
| Profiles per task | 1 |
| Attributes | 6 |
| Tasks with no profile chosen | 99,492 |
| Topic | candidate choice, corruption accountability, health covid |
|---|---|
| A profile represents | person |
| Country | AU, BR, CA, CL, CN, CO, FR, GH, IN, IT, JP, ZA, ES, UG, US, GB |
| Language shown | en, pt, es, fr, it, ja, zh |
| Language of stored levels | en |
| Randomization restrictions | unknown |
| Task order | recorded in the deposit |
| Profile position | recorded in the deposit |
Outcomes:
| choice | As you can see the Government Leader is described by six characteristics: ... Please indicate whether you think YES this Government Leader should be re-elected or NO this Government Leader should not be re-elected. [choice, opt-out allowed] |
|---|---|
| rating | On a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 indicates that you Very Strongly Oppose the re-election of this Government Leader and 7 indicates that you Very Strongly Support the re-election of this Government Leader. How would you rate this Government Leader? [rating, 1 (Very Strongly Oppose) to 7 (Very Strongly Support)] |
attr_deathsattr_gdpattr_jobsattr_lockdownattr_vaccinatedattr_vaccine_supplieschoicecov_agecov_attention_passcov_countrycov_dep_childrencov_education_levelcov_gendercov_gov_ratecov_gov_reelectcov_ideologycov_marriedcov_regioncov_survey_weightcov_vaccinatedidprofileratingtask
The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.
Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):
# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("duch_2025_covid_incumbents", source = "conj")
# Python
pip install irw
import irw
df = irw.fetch("duch_2025_covid_incumbents", source="conj")
@article{Duch_2025, title={Governing in the face of a global crisis: When do voters punish and reward incumbent governments?}, volume={122}, ISSN={1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2405021122}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.2405021122}, number={4}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={National Academy of Sciences}, author={Duch, Raymond M. and Loewen, Peter and Robinson, Thomas S. and Zakharov, Alexei}, year={2025}, month=Jan }
| IRW version | v584 |
|---|---|
| Redivis dataset | irw_conjoint v4.2 |
| Redivis dataset DOI | 10.57761/qkye-q530 |
| Manifest pin for this IRW version | v4.2 |
| Metadata source | irw_meta v44.0 |