48,006 rated or chosen profiles from 4,013 respondents, in up to 6 tasks of 2 profiles varying on 4 attributes.

About this table

Description	US adults on Prolific (October 2024; 4,013 with any answered task, 3,916 in the authors' sample) chose which of two laid-off workers (age, gender, education, parental class) should get more government income assistance and rated support for each on 0-10; 5 pairs plus a repeat of pair 1, half saw an ICT/labour-market information screen first.
Reference	Diessner, S., Durazzi, N., Filetti, F. D., Hope, D., Kleider, H., Limberg, J., & Tonelli, S. (2026). Welfare state deservingness in the era of mass higher education. Public Opinion Quarterly.
DOI	10.1093/poq/nfag056
Licence	CC0 1.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UQP5OG

Notes

Conjoint table (irw_conjoint). choice = which of two workers the respondent would prefer to receive greater government income assistance (forced choice, no opt-out); rating = 0-10 support for each worker receiving income assistance (0 strongly oppose, 10 strongly support). Attribute order randomized per respondent (attrpos_). Task 6 repeats task 1 with workers swapped, rebuilt from task 1 (trial_repeat_of = 1). trial_ict_info marks the between-subjects ICT information arm. All respondents with an answered task kept (4,013); the authors' 3,916 = cov_finished 1 and cov_duration_sec > 180.

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Design

Topic	tax welfare economy
A profile represents	person
Country	US
Language shown	en
Language of stored levels	en
Task order	recorded in the deposit
Profile position	recorded in the deposit

Outcomes:

choice	Which of these two workers would you personally prefer to receive greater income assistance from the government? [choice, forced]
rating	On a scale of 0-10, how much would you support Worker 1 [Worker 2] receiving income assistance from the government? [rating, 0 (Strongly oppose) to 10 (Strongly support)]

Columns

attr_ageattr_educationattr_genderattr_parental_backgroundattrpos_ageattrpos_educationattrpos_genderattrpos_parental_backgroundchoicecov_agecov_childrencov_classcov_duration_seccov_easy_job_collegecov_educationcov_employmentcov_ethnicitycov_finishedcov_gendercov_incomecov_invest_skills_collegecov_left_rightcov_party_idcov_qualificationcov_trustcov_vote2020cov_winners_ictidprofileratingtasktrial_ict_infotrial_repeat_of

The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("diessner_2026_welfare_deservingness", source = "conj")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("diessner_2026_welfare_deservingness", source="conj")

How to cite

@article{Diessner_2026, title={Welfare State Deservingness in the Era of Mass Higher Education}, ISSN={1537-5331}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfag056}, DOI={10.1093/poq/nfag056}, journal={Public Opinion Quarterly}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Diessner, Sebastian and Durazzi, Niccolo and Filetti, Federico and Hope, David and Kleider, Hanna and Limberg, Julian and Tonelli, Simone}, year={2026}, month=July }

Respondents	4,013
Rows (one per respondent, task and profile)	48,006
Tasks per respondent (most)	6
Profiles per task	2
Attributes	4
Tasks with no profile chosen	0

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	irw_conjoint v4.2
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/qkye-q530
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v4.2
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0

diessner_2026_welfare_deservingness