About this table

Description	Feelings about COVID-19, 7 bipolar items ("I feel COVID-19 is ...": close/far, spreading slowly/fast, always/never on my mind, frightening/not, exaggerated by the media/not, makes me helpless/I can handle it, stressful/not), rated 1-7 between the two poles; pole direction differs across items. Italian adults aged 18-70, online quota samples (Italian arm of the WHO/Europe COVID-19 behavioural insights survey), four independent cross-sections in January, February, March and May 2021. N=10,013.
Reference	de Girolamo G, Ferrari C, Candini V, Buizza C, Calamandrei G, Caserotti M, Gavaruzzi T, Girardi P, Habersaat KB, Lotto L, Scherzer M, Starace F, Tasso A, Zamparini M, Zarbo C (2022). Psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy assessed in a four-waves survey. Scientific Reports, 12, 17945. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22994-4
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-22994-4
Licence	CC BY 4.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5040719

Notes

Each item is a pair of opposite phrases with its own poles (for example 1 = close to me, 7 = far from me), and the direction is not aligned across items: pag8_1_2 runs slowly to fast spreading, while the others run from the more threatening pole to the less. (irw#2605)
The four survey waves are separate samples of different people, not a panel. responseid restarts in each wave, so id is prefixed with the wave (w1_ to w4_) and the wave is recorded as cov_survey_wave. (irw#2605)

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Size and shape

Responses	70,091
Respondents	10,013
Items	7
Response categories	7
Responses per respondent	7
Responses per item	10,013
Density	1
Longitudinal	TRUE

Classification

sample	Internet-based
measurement tool	Survey/questionnaire
item format	Likert Scale/selected response
primary language(s)	ita

Codebook

This codebook is reconstructed by the IRW from the IRW data standard and the script that built it, degirolamo_2022_covid_wellbeing.py. It is our best reading, not the source’s own codebook, and it may contain mistakes. Where the two disagree, the source data are the authority. If you find an error, please tell us.

Column	What it is	Source column
IRW standard columns
`date`	IRW standard Calendar time in seconds — either seconds elapsed since data collection start (relative) or Unix time (absolute).	made in the build script
`id`	IRW standard Identifier for the focal unit being measured — typically a person, but sometimes another entity (e.g., a word in a lexical task).	made in the build script
`item`	IRW standard Item identifier.	made in the build script
`resp`	IRW standard Response value.	made in the build script
Respondent covariates
`cov_age`	Covariate	`pag2_2`
`cov_chronic_illness`	Covariate	`pag2_7`
`cov_education`	Covariate	`pag2_4`
`cov_employed`	Covariate	`pag2_5`
`cov_health_worker`	Covariate	`pag2_6`
`cov_region`	Covariate	`pag2_9`
`cov_sex`	Covariate	`pag2_3`
`cov_survey_wave`	Covariate	made in the build script
`cov_urban`	Covariate	`pag2_8`
`cov_weight`	Covariate	`peso`

What item codes and covariate values stand for is in one of the 5 codebook files in the source deposit.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("degirolamo_2022_covid_perception")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("degirolamo_2022_covid_perception")

How to cite

@article{deGirolamo2022,
  author = {de Girolamo, Giovanni and Ferrari, Carlotta and Candini, Valentina and Buizza, Chiara and Calamandrei, Gemma and Caserotti, Matteo and Gavaruzzi, Tatiana and Girardi, Paolo and Habersaat, Katja B and Lotto, Lorenza and Scherzer, Marta and Starace, Francesca and Tasso, Alessia and Zamparini, Maura and Zarbo, Caterina},
  year = {2022},
  title = {Psychological well-being during the {COVID-19} pandemic in {Italy} assessed in a four-waves survey},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {17945},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-22994-4}
}

Version and provenance

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	item_response_warehouse_6 v5.11
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/qahq-j855
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v5.11
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0

degirolamo_2022_covid_perception