23,966 rated or chosen profiles from 2,397 respondents, in up to 5 tasks of 2 profiles varying on 9 attributes.

About this table

Description	2,397 Black, White and mixed Black-White US adults (Qualtrics Panels, Dec 2020-Feb 2021) compared 5 pairs of hypothetical people varying parents' race (in half the forms), gender, skin tone, class, neighborhood, spouse, incarceration, discrimination and party; they picked the person who is more Black and rated each 0-10 on how Black.
Reference	Davenport, L. D., Jefferson, H., & Rendleman, H. E. (2026). The politics of Black classification: Sociopolitical cues and racial perception. Perspectives on Politics.
Licence	CC0 1.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MRXND8

Notes

Conjoint table (irw_conjoint). choice = which person the respondent selected as more Black (Person A/B, forced; wording not deposited); rating = how Black each person is, 0 = Not at all to 10 = Very. Four forms randomized between respondents: parents' race shown or not (attr_parents = '(not shown)' when not shown; trial_ancestry_shown) and skin tone near the top or at the bottom (trial_skin_tone_row). Authors' filters applied (2,397 respondents; README's 2,385 excludes 12 outside the three race groups); 2 tasks without saved levels dropped.

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Design

Topic	social identity interpersonal
A profile represents	person
Country	US
Language shown	en
Language of stored levels	en
Randomization restrictions	unknown
Task order	recorded in the deposit
Profile position	recorded in the deposit

Outcomes:

choice	Which person is more Black? (paraphrase) [choice, forced]
rating	How Black is this person? (paraphrase) [rating, 0 (Not at all) to 10 (Very)]

Columns

attr_classattr_discriminationattr_genderattr_incarcerationattr_neighborhoodattr_parentsattr_partyattr_skin_toneattr_spousechoicecov_agecov_educationcov_gendercov_ideologycov_incomecov_mixed_black_whitecov_party_idcov_party_leancov_racecov_stateidprofileratingtasktrial_ancestry_showntrial_skin_tone_row

The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("davenport_2026_black_classification", source = "conj")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("davenport_2026_black_classification", source="conj")

How to cite

@misc{https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/mrxnd8,
  doi = {10.7910/DVN/MRXND8},
  url = {https://dataverse.harvard.edu/citation?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/MRXND8},
  author = {Rendleman, Hunter and Jefferson, Hakeem and Davenport, Lauren},
  keywords = {Social Sciences, Race, Identity politics, Political behavior, Partisanship},
  title = {Replication Data for: The Politics of Black Classification: Sociopolitical Cues and Racial Perception},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  year = {2026}
}

Respondents	2,397
Rows (one per respondent, task and profile)	23,966
Tasks per respondent (most)	5
Profiles per task	2
Attributes	9
Tasks with no profile chosen	0

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	irw_conjoint v4.2
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/qkye-q530
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v4.2
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0

davenport_2026_black_classification