9,210 rated or chosen profiles from 921 respondents, in up to 5 tasks of 2 profiles varying on 3 attributes.

About this table

Description	Tax-reform conjoint: 921 German adults (Lucid quota sample, 2021 federal election campaign) each compared 5 pairs of reform packages varying personal income, inheritance and corporate taxes, and chose which package contributes more to reducing inequality and which more to economic growth.
Reference	Becker, B., Castanho Silva, B., & Lierse, H. (2025). Taxing your cake and growing it too: Public beliefs on the dual benefits of progressive taxation. Journal of Public Policy, 46, 1-20.
DOI	10.1017/S0143814X25100858
Licence	CC0 1.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/R5SDWN

Notes

Conjoint table (irw_conjoint). Two forced choices per pair of tax-reform packages ("To which of the reform packages do the following statements apply more?"): choice_inequality = "Contributes to the reduction of economic inequality.", choice_growth = "Contributes to the growth of the economy."; no opt-out and no overall preference question. Levels are the English text of the article's Table 1 (respondents saw German); tax-row order was varied but is not recorded. The deposit holds 921 respondents, fewer than the roughly 1,214 the article implies.

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Design

Topic	tax welfare economy
A profile represents	policy
Country	DE
Language shown	de
Language of stored levels	en
Randomization restrictions	unknown
Task order	recorded in the deposit
Profile position	recorded in the deposit

Outcomes:

choice_growth	To which of the reform packages do the following statements apply more? Contributes to the growth of the economy. (translated) [choice, forced]
choice_inequality	To which of the reform packages do the following statements apply more? Contributes to the reduction of economic inequality. (translated) [choice, forced]

Columns

attr_corporate_taxattr_income_taxattr_inheritance_taxchoice_growthchoice_inequalitycov_firm_sizecov_income_percentilecov_left_rightcov_wealth_percentileidprofiletask

The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("becker_2025_tax_packages", source = "conj")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("becker_2025_tax_packages", source="conj")

How to cite

@article{Becker_2025, title={Taxing your cake and growing it too: public beliefs on the dual benefits of progressive taxation}, volume={46}, ISSN={1469-7815}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X25100858}, DOI={10.1017/s0143814x25100858}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Public Policy}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Becker, Bastian and Castanho Silva, Bruno and Lierse, Hanna}, year={2025}, month=Nov, pages={1–20} }

Version and provenance

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	irw_conjoint v4.2
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/qkye-q530
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v4.2
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0

Respondents	921
Rows (one per respondent, task and profile)	9,210
Tasks per respondent (most)	5
Profiles per task	2
Attributes	3

becker_2025_tax_packages