3,448 rated or chosen profiles from 865 respondents, in up to 2 tasks of 2 profiles varying on 6 attributes.

About this table

Description	US adults (SSI online panel, July 2016, n=865) chose between two fictitious House candidates in 2 rounds, candidates varying anti-establishment, people-centrism and conflict statements, immigration and taxation stances and career background; vote choice plus a 0-100 feeling thermometer for each candidate.
Reference	Bakker, B. N., Schumacher, G., & Rooduijn, M. (2021). The populist appeal: Personality and antiestablishment communication. The Journal of Politics, 83(2), 589-601.
DOI	10.1086/710014
Licence	CC0 1.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HJSQNL

Notes

Conjoint table (irw_conjoint). choice = 'Which candidate do you prefer?' (Candidate A or B, forced, one per task); rating_feeling = feeling thermometer for each candidate, 0 very unfavorable to 100 very favorable. Two rounds. Level text is the displayed text from the Qualtrics export. 13 answered tasks with unsaved profiles dropped (865 respondents vs 868 in the paper). Agreeableness (cov_agree_1-10, raw) and authoritarianism items kept; demographics as unlabelled codes.

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Design

Topic	candidate choice
A profile represents	person
Country	US
Language shown	en
Language of stored levels	en
Randomization restrictions	unknown
Task order	recorded in the deposit
Profile position	recorded in the deposit

Outcomes:

choice	Which candidate do you prefer? [choice, forced]
rating_feeling	We would like to know how you feel about the two candidates using something we call the feeling t[hermometer]... (text truncated in the export) [rating, 0 (very unfavorable) to 100 (very favorable)]

Columns

attr_antiestablishmentattr_backgroundattr_conflictattr_immigrationattr_people_centrismattr_taxationchoicecov_agree_1cov_agree_10cov_agree_2cov_agree_3cov_agree_4cov_agree_5cov_agree_6cov_agree_7cov_agree_8cov_agree_9cov_auth_1cov_auth_2cov_auth_3cov_auth_4cov_birth_yearcov_education_codecov_gender_codecov_hispanic_codecov_income_codecov_pid1_codecov_pid2_codecov_pid3_codecov_pid4_codecov_race_codeidprofilerating_feelingtask

The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("bakker_2021_populist_appeal", source = "conj")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("bakker_2021_populist_appeal", source="conj")

How to cite

@article{Bakker_2021, title={The Populist Appeal: Personality and Antiestablishment Communication}, volume={83}, ISSN={1468-2508}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/710014}, DOI={10.1086/710014}, number={2}, journal={The Journal of Politics}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Bakker, Bert N. and Schumacher, Gijs and Rooduijn, Matthijs}, year={2021}, month=Apr, pages={589–601} }

Respondents	865
Rows (one per respondent, task and profile)	3,448
Tasks per respondent (most)	2
Profiles per task	2
Attributes	6
Tasks with no profile chosen	0

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	irw_conjoint v4.2
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/qkye-q530
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v4.2
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0

bakker_2021_populist_appeal