1,853 rated or chosen profiles from 1,853 respondents, in up to 1 tasks of 1 profile varying on 2 attributes.

About this table

Description	1,853 social-media users in Ghana read one fictional interview snippet about a political vigilante group in which the group's party (NPP or NDC) and its action (snatching ballot boxes in a peaceful area or protecting them in a malpractice-prone area) were randomized, plus a placebo arm giving neither. Six ratings: justified, undermined credibility, threat to democracy, willing to participate, petition, demonstration.
Reference	Amoah, J. (2026). Rationalizing political violence: A survey experiment on political vigilantism in Ghana. Unpublished manuscript.
Licence	CC0 1.0
Source data	https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/hzoflw

Notes

Conjoint table (irw_conjoint_2). Factorial vignette, one per respondent (Ghana, social-media users): vigilante group's party (NPP/NDC) x action (snatch ballot boxes in a peaceful area / protect ballot boxes in a malpractice-prone area; one bundled factor), plus a placebo arm showing neither attribute '(not shown)'. Six ratings in the authors' codes (1-5 agreement for justified, undermined credibility, threat to democracy; 0-2 for willingness to participate, sign a petition, join a demonstration). 1,853 of 2,603 respondents have an arm and an outcome (late dropout). No article DOI in the deposit.

These notes describe the source data, which the IRW reproduces as released. All notes are listed on the Data Notes page.

Design

Topic	crime justice policing, democracy institutions
A profile represents	scenario
Country	GH
Language shown	en
Language of stored levels	en
Randomization restrictions	unknown
Task order	inferred from row order
Profile position	inferred from row order

Task order or profile position was rebuilt from row order; analyses of position or task order should leave it out.

Outcomes:

rating_join_demonstration	Would you be willing to take part in a public demonstration calling for all political parties to disband their associated vigilante groups? [rating, 0 (No, I won't) to 2 (Yes, I will)]
rating_justified	To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement: Given the context described above, the actions of the vigilante group are justified or reasonable. [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)]
rating_sign_petition	Would you be willing to sign a petition calling for all political parties to disband their affiliated political vigilante groups? [rating, 0 (No, I won't) to 2 (Yes, I will)]
rating_threat_democracy	To what extent do you agree that the actions of the vigilante group described in the above narrative threaten Ghana's democracy? [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)]
rating_undermined_credibility	To what extent do you agree or disagree that the actions of the vigilante group undermined the credibility of the election? [rating, 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree)]
rating_would_participate	Given the actions of the vigilante group described in the above narrative, would you be willing to participate in such activities or encourage a close friend or relative to do so? [rating, 0 (No, I won't) to 2 (Yes, I will)]

Columns

attr_vigilante_actionattr_vigilante_partycov_age_groupcov_educationcov_gendercov_incomecov_party_ididprofilerating_join_demonstrationrating_justifiedrating_sign_petitionrating_threat_democracyrating_undermined_credibilityrating_would_participatetask

The layout (one row per respondent, task and profile; choice/rating outcomes; attr_ columns holding each attribute level as displayed) is defined in the IRW conjoint standard. What the outcomes asked is under Design above.

Get the data

Download CSVno account needed Browse on Redivisexplore and query Croissant metadataHugging Face, Kaggle, OpenML

Or load it directly in R or Python (both need a free Redivis account; the first call opens a browser to sign in):

# R
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("itemresponsewarehouse/Rpkg")
library(irw)
df <- irw_fetch("amoah_2026_vigilantism", source = "conj")

# Python
pip install irw

import irw
df = irw.fetch("amoah_2026_vigilantism", source="conj")

How to cite

@misc{https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/hzoflw,
  doi = {10.7910/DVN/HZOFLW},
  url = {https://dataverse.harvard.edu/citation?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/HZOFLW},
  author = {Amoah, Joseph},
  keywords = {Social Sciences, Extralegal violence; Political Vigilantism; Social Identity; Public Good; Partisan Bias; Political Violence; Electoral Violence; Democratic Threat},
  title = {Replication Data for: "Rationalizing Political Violence: A Survey Experiment on Political Vigilantism in Ghana"},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  year = {2026}
}

Respondents	1,853
Rows (one per respondent, task and profile)	1,853
Tasks per respondent (most)	1
Profiles per task	1
Attributes	2

IRW version	v584
Redivis dataset	irw_conjoint_2 v1.4
Redivis dataset DOI	10.57761/hk97-wv30
Manifest pin for this IRW version	v1.4
Metadata source	irw_meta v44.0

amoah_2026_vigilantism